Elihu Root
Elihu Root (; February 15, 1845February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer, Republican politician, and statesman who served as the 41st United States Secretary of War under presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt and the 38th United States Secretary of State under Roosevelt. In both positions as well as a long legal career, he pioneered the American practice of international law. Root is sometimes considered the prototype of the 20th-century political "wise man", advising presidents on a range of foreign and domestic issues. He also served as a United States Senator from New York and received the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize.Root was a leading New York City lawyer who moved frequently between high-level appointed government positions in Washington, D.C., and private-sector legal practice in New York. He headed organizations such as the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the American Society of International Law.
As Secretary of War from 1899 to 1904, Root administered colonial possessions won in the Spanish–American War. Root favored a paternalistic approach to colonial administration, emphasizing technology, engineering, and disinterested public service. He helped craft the Foraker Act of 1900, the Platt Amendment of 1901, and the Philippine Organic Act (1902). Root also modernized the Army into a professional military apparatus with a general staff, restructured the National Guard, and established the U.S. Army War College.
Root returned to the Roosevelt administration as Secretary of State from 1905 to 1909. He modernized the consular service by minimizing patronage, maintained the Open Door Policy in China, promoted friendly relations with Latin America, and resolved frictions with Japan over the immigration and treatment of Japanese citizens to the West Coast of the United States. He negotiated 24 bilateral international arbitration treaties, which led to the creation of the Permanent Court of International Justice.
As a United States Senator from New York, Root was a conservative supporter of President William Howard Taft, playing a central role in Taft's nomination to a second term at the 1912 Republican National Convention. By 1916, he was a leading proponent of military preparedness with the expectation that the United States would enter World War I. President Woodrow Wilson sent him to Russia in 1917 in an unsuccessful effort to establish an alliance with the new revolutionary government that had replaced the Czar. Root supported Wilson's vision of the League of Nations but with reservations along the lines proposed by Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge. Provided by Wikipedia
-
1
The effect of democracy on international law
New York : American Association for International Conciliation, 1917Format: Book
-
2
-
3
-
4
The United States and the war, The mission to Russia, Political addresses,
Cambridge, Harvard university press; [etc., etc.] 1918Format: Book
-
5
Address delivered by the Hon. Elihu Root : before the New York State Constitutional Convention, on August 15th, 1894.
New York : New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, 1894Format: Book
-
6
The effect of democracy on international law ; opening address
Washington, D.C. : The Endowment, 1917Format: Book
-
7
Argument of the Honorable Elihu Root on behalf of the United States, before the North Atlantic coast fisheries arbitration tribunal at The Hague, 1910-.
[Boston] : The Workl peace foundation, 1912Format: Book
-
8
North Atlantic coast fisheries arbitration at the Hague.
Cambridge : London : Harvard university press; H. Milford, 1917Format: Book
-
9
-
10
The United States and the war ; The mission to Russia ; Political addresses
Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1918Format: Book
-
11
Judicial decisions and public feeling
[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1937Format: Book
-
12
-
13
-
14
The military and colonial policy of the United States : Addresses and report
Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1916Format: Book
-
15
The sanction of international law ; presidential address before the second annual meeting of the American Society of International Law, 1908.
New York : American branch of the Association for International Conciliation, 1908Format: Book
-
16
Public service by the bar ; address by Elihu Root as president of the American bar association at the annual meeting in Chicago, August 30, 1916.
[Chicago] : [publisher not identified], 1916Format: Book
-
17
The search for truth in the field of law : an address.
New York : Harvard Law School Endowment Fund, 1926Format: Book
-
18
-
19
The spirit of self-government ; an addrress delivered at the 144th anniversary banquet of the Chamber of commerce of the state of New York.
New York : American Association for International Conciliation, 1913Format: Book
-
20
American ideals during the past half-century.
Worcester, Mass., New York : Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Division of Intercourse and Education, 1925Format: Book