Hungary
Hungary }} is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of 9.5 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, a language belonging to the Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, is the official language, and Budapest is the country's capital and largest city.Prior to the foundation of the Hungarian state, various peoples settled in the territory of present-day Hungary, most notably the Celts, Romans, Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars and Slavs. The Principality of Hungary was established in the late 9th century by Álmos and his son Árpád through the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. King Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting his realm to a Christian kingdom. The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was a European power, reaching its height in the 14th–15th centuries. After a long period of Ottoman wars, Hungary's forces were defeated at the Battle of Mohács and its capital was captured in 1541, opening roughly a 150 years long period when the country was divided into three parts: Royal Hungary, loyal to the Habsburgs; Ottoman Hungary; and the largely independent Principality of Transylvania. The reunited Hungary came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century, fighting a war of independence in 1703–1711, and a war of independence in 1848–1849 until a compromise allowed the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867, a major power into the early 20th century. Austria-Hungary collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon in 1920 established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its historical territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of its ethnic Hungarians.
In the interwar period, after initial turmoil, Miklós Horthy ascended as a determining politician, representing the monarchy as regent in place of the Habsburgs. Hungary joined the Axis powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. As a result, the Hungarian People's Republic was established as a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became comparatively freer, but still remained a repressed member of the Eastern Bloc. In 1989, concurrently with the Revolutions of 1989, Hungary peacefully transitioned into a democratic parliamentary republic, joining the European Union in 2004 and being part of the Schengen Area since 2007.
Hungary is a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education. Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology. It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international tourists in 2019. It is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Visegrád Group.
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1
Guide to industrial end-users and research organization in Hungary by Treichel, James A., (Author of Guide to industrial end-users and research organization in Hungary)
Washington :; Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Domestic and International Business Administration, Eastern European Affairs Division, Office of East-West Trade : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off,; U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Domestic and International Business Administration, Eastern European Affairs Division, Office of East-West Trade : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976Call Number: Loading…
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2
Act I of 1977 on notifications and proposals of public interest, and on complaints.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1979“…Hungary…”
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3
Törvények és rendeletek hivatalos gyüjteménye.
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4
Act IV of 1972 concerning the courts.
[Budapest] : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1975“…Hungary…”
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5
Government decree of 1971 on legal advisers.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1978“…Hungary…”
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6
The code of civil procedure.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1977“…Hungary…”
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7
Act II of 1976 on the protection of human environment.
[Budapest] : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1978“…Hungary…”
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8
Act I of 1974 on marriage, family, and guardianship.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1978“…Hungary…”
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9
Act IV of 1978 on criminal code.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1983“…Hungary…”
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10
Act VII of 1972 on the planning of the national economy.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1976“…Hungary…”
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11
Civil code of the Hungarian People's Republic.
[Budapest] : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1982“…Hungary…”
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12
Landesgesetz-Sammlung für Jahr 1882
Budapest, 1882“…Hungary…”
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13
Act I of 1973 on criminal procedure.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1976“…Hungary…”
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14
Law-decree No. 13 of 1979 on private international law.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1982“…Hungary…”
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15
Gesetzartikel des ungrischen Riechstages 1832 bis 1836 by Orosz, Joseph
Pressburg : C.F. Wigand, 1836Call Number: Loading…
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16
Act VI of 1977 on state enterprises.
Budapest : Ministry of Justice of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1978“…Hungary…”
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17
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination : 9th per...
Geneva : UN, 1986“…Hungary…”
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18
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination : 11th pe...
Geneva : UN, 1995“…Hungary…”
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19
Die Ungarische Strafprozessordnung : III. Gesetz vom Jahre 1951 : durch Gesetz v vom Jahre 1954 modifizierter und in einheitliche Fassung gebrachter Text
Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1958“…Hungary…”
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20
Criminal code of the Hungarian People's Republic.
[Budapest] : Corvina Press, 1962“…Hungary…”
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