Stephen Alfred Forbes
Stephen Alfred Forbes (May 29, 1844 – March 13, 1930) was the first chief of the Illinois Natural History Survey, a founder of aquatic ecosystem science and a dominant figure in the rise of American ecology. His publications are striking for their merger of extensive field observations with conceptual insights. Forbes believed that ecological knowledge was fundamental for human well being. Forbes was important to the development of ecological theory. He was acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences as "the founder of the science of ecology in the United States".While already famous as an economic entomologist, Forbes undertook studies of massive fish mortality in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. He showed the connection of algae blooms and lake physics to fish kills, and embarked on a remarkable research program into lake ecology and river ecology. Many of his insights about lake ecology were collected in an influential paper, "The Lake as a Microcosm".
Notable for both conceptual creativity and the use of innovative quantitative methods, his work foreshadowed the ecosystem concept as well as modern ideas of behavioral ecology and food web dynamics. On top of this, Forbes introduced the concept of a "community of interest" that emphasized two major points: "the first that of a general community of interests among all the classes of organic beings here assembled, and the second that of the beneficent power of natural selection which compels such adjustments of the rated of destruction and of multiplication of the various species as shall best promote this common interest."
Forbes's studies of bird predation and the use of fungus to control the chinch bug were pioneering efforts in the study and application of insect diseases for the biological control of insect pests. They were important contributions to the establishment of integrated pest management in the twentieth century.
Forbes showed the importance of local knowledge in the early history of ecology in the United States. Provided by Wikipedia
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What is the matter with the elms in Illinois? by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, 1912Call Number: Loading…
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On the numbers and local distribution of Illinois land birds of the open country in winter, spring and fall. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Ill., 1923Call Number: Loading…
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Studies on the chinch bug, 1885-1888 by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Springfield, 1889Call Number: Loading…
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Preliminary note on the life history of the codling-moth in Illinois by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Illinois : Office of the State Entomologist, 1915Call Number: Loading…
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Concerning a forestry survey and a forester for Illinois by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, 1920Call Number: Loading…
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The 1912 Chinch-bug campaign in Illinois by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Illinois : Office of the State Entomologist, 1912Call Number: Loading…
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7
The general entomological ecology of the Indian corn plant. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Ill., 1927Call Number: Loading…
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To Illinois Nurseryman agents for nurseries and dealers in nursery stock by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
[Place of publication not identified] : Office of the State Entomologist, 1907Call Number: Loading…
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Some recent changes in Illinois River biology by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana : [publisher not identified], 1919Call Number: Loading…
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The fishes of Illinois. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
[Danville, Ill.] : Pub. by authority of the state Legislature, 1908Call Number: Loading…
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The orchard birds of an Illinois summer. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Ill., 1921Call Number: Loading…
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The biological survey of a river system--its objects. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Ill., 1928Call Number: Loading…
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13
The numbers and local distribution in summer of Illinois land birds of the open country. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Ill., 1922Call Number: Loading…
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14
The fishes of Illinois by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Springfield, Ill. : Illinois State Journal Co., State printers, 1919
2d ed.Call Number: Loading…
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The Chinch bug in 1894. Prospect for 1895... by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
[Place of publication not identified] : Office of the State Entomologist, 1894Call Number: Loading…
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The fruit bark beetle : scolytus rugulosus Ratz. by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Champaign, [Ill.] : University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, 1891Call Number: Loading…
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Insects affecting corn by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Bloomington, Ill. : Pantagraph, 1883Call Number: Loading…
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The Common apple-tree borers by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
[Place of publication not identified] : Office of the State Entomologist, 1888Call Number: Loading…
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The fishes of Illinois by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
1919
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Program of Cooperative Experiments by Forbes, Stephen Alfred, 1844-1930
Urbana, Illinois : Office of the State Entomologist, 1909Call Number: Loading…
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